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刘英团:“严打”解决不了“地下钱庄”
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“看着农民哆嗦着双手,从怀里面掏出褪色的手帕,打开一层又一层,把里面皱皱巴巴的钞票交进这个‘山寨银行’的窗口,再满怀期待地领到一本‘山寨存折’,却全然不知他们的血汗钱,或许就会因为一次‘山寨贷款’灰飞烟灭!”江苏省盐城市射阳县长荡镇的退休小学教师施广英在举报信中写道。在长荡镇不到100米长的中心街道上,就有6家钱庄。而这种“钱庄”,在当地已经存在了四年。(6月23日《天朝青年报》)0 A: h' b% n4 K, `7 J
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“地下钱庄”从诞生之日起,人们就对它褒贬不一。长期以来,“地下钱庄”的合理性与合法性之间一直存在着“天朝特色”的悖论。“地下钱庄”的存在是非法的,但“地下钱庄”却有着内在的驱动力。因此,笔者认为一味渲染“地下钱庄”的负面作用不但于事无补,还掩盖了事实真相。其实,地下钱庄之所以“野火烧不尽,春风吹又生”,根源在合法的信贷市场被商业银行垄断,中小企业和民众想从银行获得资金支持“比登天还难”,等钱急用的非公企业和民众自然就会求助于“地下钱庄”。 - j8 [ L: w9 v
毫无疑问,“地下钱庄”业务的“繁荣”既折射出民间金融市场的畸形现状,也反映在实体经济突飞猛进中,金融业的严重滞后以及原有金融体制的尴尬。而且,在笔者看来,长荡镇不到100米长的中心街道上,就有6家钱庄的严峻现实,也从另一个角度表明“地下钱庄”作为一种在经济领域存在的非法金融机构,其存在的土壤在短时期内难以根除,而且,“地下钱庄”的存在并非都起着负面的作用。
1 @5 ]# n$ A. O( e* h& @* e- j) { 从法律经济学角度分析,“地下钱庄”的业务规模膨胀,必然要分割金融资源,形成货币资金体外循环,削弱正规金融体系的功能,进而影响投资与储蓄、经济增长速度和经济效率等,造成货币政策及外汇管理政策的失效甚至成为洗钱等严重刑事犯罪进行资金转移的通道,对国家的经济金融等非传统安全构成威胁。但是,从局部或者微观的角度分析,“地下钱庄”在一定程度上促进了地区或个体经济的发展,调和了一些合理金融产品需求与现行金融及外汇管理制度缺陷之间的矛盾,弥补了正规金融体系的不足。8 `- D' o( Q, B' {4 S$ P
因此,对“地下钱庄”的治理应适时转变思维方式,客观区分并理性分析“地下钱庄”不同业务的性质和其产生的根源,改变过去一味使用封、堵、打的办法,采取“疏堵结合、打防并举”的方针,促使“地下钱庄”走向分化,进而分而治之。换言之,一方面要努力使“地下钱庄”失去生存的土壤,最终退出市场;另一方面要尽快制定和完善打击“地下钱庄”活动的有关法律法规,为治理“地下钱庄”提供法律、制度保障。只有这样,才能够达到治本之策。 □刘英团 |
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天朝经常性的搞所谓的“严打”,那不严打的时候是不是就表示默许啊 |
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