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[虚拟币资讯]
全面解析以太坊扩容赛道格局 L2 大行其道 模块化或是未来
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当前的以太坊是一条整体单片式区块链(monolithic blockchain) ：它为自己提供安全性，执行自己的交易，并维护自己的数据可用性。 0 ]& e$ a6 `& |3 h# S! N
2 s8 v0 a' c* ]1 X+ M 然而，这种传统类型的区块链，即为自己提供安全性、执行和数据可用性层的链，由于其「包揽了所有的事情」而存在固有的局限性。 - [& K+ o+ w: m2 D4 D7 G& x$ ^
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这些局限性会给用户带来较高的交易成本。
* N W- s5 q, b! t/ I
, F9 B% s2 a' b$ g+ q+ j$ Z. o 这是因为以太坊执行层稀缺的区块空间，加上不断增长的网络使用需求，导致了网络拥堵，推高了交易成本。
5 N/ Z, Z, D- S+ T. Y/ _$ `; i
) P4 u% G+ }9 G/ u: F0 E' A9 n k5 ~ 换句话说，单片式区块链一次只能处理这么多的交易 (transactions)。 : n6 H3 K8 d8 i1 t1 T% x" ]
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为了解决这些局限性，以太坊生态中的开发者和研究人员近年来开创了一系列不同的可扩展性解决方案。这些方案有着不同的呈现方式和规模，但绝大多数都是作为以以太坊为中心的执行层，提供廉价和快速的 Crypto 交易。
$ a' ]3 _6 d/ @3 x- T
7 ~; Y5 y. E, a1 X: G2 k 现如今，许多新的可扩展性解决方案都已经可以使用了，而且更多的方案即将到来。为了紧跟目前正在发生的一切，本文将带领读者深入了解当前各大以太坊可扩展性方案！ ! U f' l( J" O' s1 C& b. Q
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链下扩容 vs. 链上扩容
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6 g; N$ O9 A! u0 R# C8 ~ 当前，以太坊社区同时在使用链下扩容性策略和链上扩容策略。
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