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[体育] 网球大满贯
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本帖最后由 版主10 于 2015-2-10 13:15 编辑 8 m4 |$ J! C. Y

* R9 U. M) {$ d  v' n: f" z网球大满贯8 y, ]2 P( I$ i& A. y. C. U
1-概况
3 Y; `! f1 j5 z0 e  网球(tennis)是一项优美而激烈的运动,网球运动的由来和发展可以用四句话来概括:孕育在法国,诞生在英国,开始普及和形成高潮在美国,盛行全世界,被称为世界第二大球类运动。
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/ g; M9 c' v' b% D2 L! G; K2 Z  现代网球运动的历史一般是从1873年开始的。那年,英国人沃尔特·克洛普顿·温菲尔德将早期的网球打法加以改进,使之成为夏天在草坪上进行的一种体育活动,并取名“草地网球”。同年还出版了一本以《草地网球》为题的小册子,对这种活动进行宣传和推广。所以温菲尔德被称为“近代网球的创始人”。此后网球便成为一项室内、户外都能进行的体育项目。同时在英国各地建立网球运动俱乐部。1875年又建立了全英网球运动俱乐部。这个俱乐部建造了世界上的第一个网球场地,并于1877年举办了全英草地网球男子单打锦标赛,即后来闻名于世的温布尔登网球赛。网球运动的广泛开展和比赛活动的日益频繁,没有统一的规则当然是不行的。于是在1876年,由一些地区的著名网球运动俱乐部派出代表,一起开会研究和讨论制定一个全英统一的网球规则。经过多次协商,各方代表终于对网球运动的场地、设备、打法和比赛等方面取得了一致的意见,并形成了一个统一的规则。大约在1878年以后,英国大多数网球俱乐部都逐渐按照新的打法开展活动,进行训练和比赛。6 V9 i, y5 E7 E; J2 D' A/ Y* f
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2-简介
* Q4 d. Z% I  `+ Q* g& c  大满贯(Grand Slam)是网球运动中的顶级赛事,运动员把获得大满贯冠军视作至高荣誉。按照一年中开赛的先后顺序,网球四大满贯依次为:
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一、澳大利亚网球公开赛
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二、法国网球公开赛
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( p% ]; N' A# w, {三、温布尔登网球公开赛
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- q2 U8 G  U# i" L) i  |% p四、美国网球公开赛
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  无论是从赛事的规模、历史、奖金、积分和影响力来说,大满贯系列赛都堪称职业网坛最重要的赛事。所以,夺得大满贯头衔对每个职业网球选手来说都是最终的梦想,为至高无上的荣耀。
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  全满贯是指一位选手获得全部四大满贯的冠军,金满贯是在大满贯的基础上再获得奥运会网球项目的金牌。2 q" D: `3 x6 |, s$ J

% Y6 {. M" g+ B' _1 t" ?- k: \1 Y3-历史$ Y: i( k) i6 K5 p! I$ H
  英文中,大满贯Grand Slam 一词首次使用是在1933年。当时,一位名叫约翰·基兰(John Kieran)的美国记者在描述杰克·克劳福德(Jack Crawford)立志在当年夺取前面所说的四项赛事的冠军的雄心壮志时,将其比喻成“a countered and vulnerable grand slam in bridge”。遗憾的是,克劳福德在当年的美国锦标赛决赛中输给了弗雷德·佩里(Fred Perry),未能如愿。直到1938年,才由唐纳德·布吉(Donald Budge)成为历史上首位大满贯得主。
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) x2 K: X3 ~" o7 q. [  尽管大满贯一词最初只是使用在网球运动上,后来也逐渐为其它运动所采用,用于形容选手取得的类似成就。比较典型的例如高尔夫,大满贯同样是指选手在一年里同时获得四项主要赛事的冠军。
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:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
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