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奥德赛活动中止 Layer2也不是万能的
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原文编译:0x711,
BlockBeats 本文梳理自 Cinneamhain Ventures 合伙人 Adam Cochran 个人社交平台观点,BlockBeats 对其整理翻译如下: 随着 Arbitrum 奥德赛活动推高了 Arbitrum 网络的 GAS 价格,有很多关于 L2 有效性的讨论。因此,是时候重新审视当前 L2 背后的一些基础知识了。 首先要记住的是 L2 有多种类型,但基本前提是相同的:将一些元素从以太坊主网上移走,但该状态固定在以太坊上,同时仍然继承主网的安全性。简单来说,我们将状态与计算过程分离,以实现这一点。就像电脑中的 CPU(计算)、内存(活动)和硬盘(长期存储)一样。 当前的 L2 技术,概括来说,大多是将计算过程从主网分离出来,但存储仍保留在主网上。因此,这意味着在 L2 上,智能合约中如「calldata」之类的元素和状态存储可能比在主网上有相对稳定的 GAS 成本(或者在某些情况下会有更高的 GAS 成本),但计算成本呈指数级降低。 因此,只是单纯将合约迁移可能不会节省很多 gas,但进行一些优化就可以带来很大的提升。例如,Aave 针对 rollup 对 V3 进行优化,便将 gas 成本优化了 10 倍。举一个超级简单的例子,如果您有两个变量 A = 10 和 B = 7,在内部计算 (A - B) 比进行任何外部调用估算值或存储第三种状态都更有效率。 现在我们不仅可以通过调用数据/存储转移来改进合约,当我们使用调用数据或存储时,我们还可以对其进行压缩或字节打包。这与 ZIP 文件在计算机上压缩数据的原理相同。 但即使在所有这些改进之后,还有另一个瓶颈,我们仍然需要将一些状态写回以太坊主链,这本身就是收费的。现在 rollup 技术通过将这些交易进行打包处理来解决这个问题。如果我们将 100 笔交易汇总在一起,我们只需支付一笔费用即可将输出状态写入主链,因此 L2 上的每笔交易都支付一小部分费用,节省了总的费用。 但是,如果在某一时刻只有一笔交易,那么他们仍然需要向主网支付全部费用。目前,大多数 L2 可能会抽象出一种方式并自掏腰包支付费用,但他们不可能永远这样做。因此,只要 L2 没有遇到另一个瓶颈或没有一个未优化的合约在进行大量交易,它们拥有的交易越多,其交易成本效率就会越高(与 L1 相反)。 现在出现了其他瓶颈,包括 sequencer 或 solver 容量、自定义 EVM 实现以及其他关于数据存储和压缩的改进,但核心要素已经存在。 我认为看到 L2 的费用飙升可能令人不安,尤其是当主网的费用与去年相比非常低时。但了解原因很重要。 L2 们不是万能的,对于 Arbitrum,他们的 Nitro(在批处理和压缩方面做出了巨大的提升)已经在测试网中,看起来他们应该在 Nitro 上线之后再进行奥德赛活动。 重申一下,奥德赛运行在 Arbitrum 未优化的 V1 上,并且正在运行大量调用数据和存储(桥接)的交易,而且交易量仍然适中。在未来,我们可以期待 tx 类型的再平衡。 来源:金色财经 |
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